It has a unique flavour [bush tucker]

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Sarah Tierney takes a fresh look at Australia’s clever culinary wilderness, including devouring the coat of arms, some ingenious Indigenous bush remedies, and even a recipe for good old fashioned Beer Damper.

If you thought traditional Aussie cuisine meant Vegemite on toast followed by a lamington for dessert, it’s time you expanded your horizons. Have you tried kangaroo yet? How about crocodile and emu? Or fruits like Kakadu plums, rosellas, riberries and the humble quandong, to name but a few? Bush tucker of this kind is becoming more famous and widespread, thanks to a spate of health studies that have revealed that native Australian meat, especially emu and roo, are lower in fat and higher in iron than other conventional meats. The fruits are also known to be healthier, with the Kakadu plum thought to be the world’s highest source of Vitamin C.

 

Most of what European settlers believed to be inedible is now considered very much the norm on the menus of top restaurants around the country. But of course the best place to experience real bush tucker is in the outback, where kangaroo is as common as beef and our original hunter-gatherers – the Australian Aboriginals – knew all the secret water spots and foods of the land.

Going walkabout for tucker

One of the most authentic spots in Australia for kick-starting your knowledge of bush tucker is in South Australia’s Northern Flinders Ranges, along the road to the Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary, at Iga Warta. This Indigenous-run Coulthard family business features a whole swag of cultural tours, one of which is Yata Nukuntha – a bush tucker and medicine tour detailing Dreamtime stories of the local tribes along the way. The three-hour trek brings visitors in touch with just some of the more than 600 types of edible plants, seeds and nuts in what Adnyamathanha tour guide Sharpy Coulthard refers to as his outback “supermarket". Interestingly, it’s from this region, and from the local Adnyamathanha language, that the word “witchetty grub" derives (wityu = hooked stick, vartu = grub) . . . so if you’re brave enough, ask Sharpy to dig one up for you. They taste like egg when cooked, like almonds when raw, and are a massive source of protein.

 

Next it’s out from the bushes and into the barrooms, with this iconic bush tucker location tucked away on the northwestern fringe of Flinders Ranges National Park, in the tiny town of Parachilna. It’d be a blink-and-you-miss-it kind of town if it weren’t for the famous Prairie Hotel and its Feral Mixed Grill of roo, wallaby, camel and goat for the hungry. Of course there’s other modern-Aussie food served here, but none is as popular as the Grill. Then there’s the Copley Bush Bakery and Quandong Café, about an hour north of Parachilna, which caters to the sweet tooth with its popular quandong pies and desserts, along with native-style cafe food. And let’s not forget Darwin’s Roadkill Café, a LOT further north, which serves up freshly cooked meat daily. Don’t worry; it’s not actual tire-marked, flattened road kill, but safely prepared possum, roo, croc and other game meat.

National pride, national diet

Interestingly, the native animals on Australia’s Coat of Arms – the emu and the red kangaroo – are peculiar in that they can’t walk backwards (presumably representing the thrusting, forward-looking progress of our young nation) and are the only living national emblems in the world that are regularly consumed by their subjects (ie, us). Of course most restaurants and hotels in the outback will have roo and emu and other native foods on the menu – but when you live in the outback, why wouldn’t you? Just make sure you don’t go traipsing around picking any old berry or leaf to eat, or else you’ll find yourself in dire need of some native medicine. Which brings us to . .

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Bush cures

Native plants aren’t just for eating; they have some pretty potent medicinal uses too. Some that treat the more common health issues include the leaves of the rock fuchsia bush, which can be made into a drink for headaches, or you can mash the stems of a snakevine and wind it around your head. Looks ridiculous, but apparently works. Colds can be combated with native lemon grass or by crushing tea tree leaves to help clear the nose. Tree orchid bulb sap can be dabbed onto cuts for quick healing, or you can apply crushed billygoat weed to the wound. And if you’re ever in the outback and get whacked with a bout of toothache, plug the tooth with the shredded wood of the green plum tree, or pop some quinine berry fruits into your mouth.

 

But perhaps the ultimate repository for Australian bush medicines can be found at Dilthan Yolngunha – The Healing Place – a kind of Indigenous bush hospital set up by the Yothu Yindi Foundation at Gulkula, 30mins outside Nhulunbuy on Arnhem Land’s Gove Peninsula (www.healingplace.com.au). All manner of traditional treatments, ointments, liniments and methods are used here, some you’ll not believe until you’ve seen them – like the antiseptic use, for example, of liquid drained from the digestive canal of a bush cockroach.

A classic recipe

Finally, we thought we’d end our wander through Australia’s culinary wilderness with an absolute staple for your next walkabout adventure: it’s a Damper (with a beery twist), and it should be an integral part of everyone’s outback camping skills. Drovers used it, Aboriginals used it, and these days it’s an institution at school camps. And with beer, the damper is lighter and fluffier than normal. Take four cups of self-raising flour, one stubby of beer, a pinch of salt and mix everything together until it forms a dough. Shape the dough into a ball and place it on a rack over the fire (or in the oven) and cook until golden brown and hollow when tapped.

 

You can’t really call yourself a modern Australian until you’ve cooked your first damper. And if you think you’ve got a better version of this recipe, or even another idea or inspiration for your own bush remedies or outback tucker, send them in to editor@australiantraveller.com . . . and happy outback eating!

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Inside Geelong’s glow-up from factory town to creative capital

    Chloe Cann Chloe Cann
    Abandoned mills and forgotten paper plants are finding second lives – and helping redefine a city long underestimated. 

    Just 15 years ago, Federal Mills was a very different place. Once among the most significant industrial sites in Victoria, the historic woollen mill was one of a dozen that operated in Geelong at the industry’s peak in the mid-20th century, helping the city earn its title as ‘wool centre of the world’. But by the 1960s global competition and the rise of synthetic fabrics led to the slow decline of the industry, and Federal Mills finally shuttered its doors in 2001. Within a few years, the abandoned North Geelong grounds had become makeshift pastoral land, with cows and goats grazing among the overgrown grass between the empty red-brick warehouses. It was a forgotten pocket of the city, all but two klicks from the bustle of the CBD.  

    Geelong cellar door wine bar
    Geelong has shed its industrial identity to become an innovative urban hub with reimagined heritage spaces. (Image: Ash Hughes)

    Federal Mills: from forgotten factory to creative precinct 

    Today, the century-old complex stands reborn. The distinctive sawtooth-roof buildings have been sensitively restored. An old silo is splashed with a bright floral mural, landscapers have transformed the grounds, and the precinct is once again alive with activity. More than 1000 people work across 50-plus businesses here. It’s so busy, in fact, that on a sunny Thursday morning in the thick of winter, it’s hard to find a car park. The high ceilings, open-plan design, and large multi-paned windows – revolutionary features for factories of their time – have again become a drawcard.  

    Paddock Bakery andPatisserie
    Paddock Bakery and Patisserie is housed within the historic wool factory. (Image: Gallant Lee)

    At Paddock, one of the precinct’s newer tenants, weaving looms and dye vats have been replaced by a wood-fired brick oven and heavy-duty mixers. Open since April 2024, the bakery looks right at home here; the building’s industrial shell is softened by ivy climbing its steel frames, and sunlight streams through the tall windows. Outside, among the white cedar trees, families at picnic benches linger over dippy eggs and bagels, while white-collar workers pass in and out, single-origin coffee and crème brûlée doughnuts in hand. 

    Geelong: Australia’s only UNESCO City of Design 

    Paddock Bakery
    Paddock Bakery can be found at Federal Mills. (Image: Gallant Lee)

    “A lot of people are now seeing the merit of investing in Geelong,” says Paul Traynor, the head of Hamilton Hospitality Group, which redeveloped Federal Mills. A city once shunned as Sleepy Hollow, and spurned for its industrial, working-class roots and ‘rust belt’ image, Geelong has long since reclaimed its ‘Pivot City’ title, having reinvented itself as an affordable, lifestyle-driven satellite city, and a post-COVID migration hotspot.  

    And the numbers stand testament to the change. In March 2025, and for the first time in its history, Greater Geelong became Australia’s most popular regional town for internal migration, overtaking Queensland’s Sunshine Coast. Current forecasts suggest Geelong will continue to outpace many other Australian cities and towns, with jobs growing at double the rate of the population.

    Tourism is booming, too. The 2023-24 financial year was Geelong and The Bellarine region’s busiest on record, with 6.4 million visitors making it one of the fastest-growing destinations in the country. It’s not hard to see why: beyond the city’s prime positioning at the doorstep of the Great Ocean Road, Geelong’s tenacity and cultural ambition stands out.  

    As Australia’s only UNESCO City of Design, Geelong is swiftly shaking off its industrial past to become a model for urban renewal, innovation, sustainability and creative communities. The signs are everywhere, from the revitalisation of the city’s waterfront, and the landmark design of the Geelong Library and Heritage Centre and Geelong Arts Centre, to the growing network of local designers, architects and artists, and the burgeoning roster of festivals and events. That’s not even mentioning the adaptive reuse of storied old industrial buildings – from Federal Mills, to Little Creatures’ brewery ‘village’ housed within a 1920s textile mill – or the city’s flourishing food and wine scene.  

    The rise of a food and wine destination  

    boiler house
    Restaurant 1915 is housed within a restored former boiler house. (Image: Harry Pope/Two Palms)

    Traynor credits now-closed local restaurant Igni, which opened in 2016, as the turning point for Geelong’s hospo industry. “[Aaron Turner, Igni’s chef-patron] was probably the first guy, with all due respect, to raise the bar food-wise for Geelong,” he says. “People now treat it really seriously, and there’s clearly a market for it.” While Igni is gone, Turner now helms a string of other notable Geelong venues, including The Hot Chicken Project and Tacos y Liquor, all within the buzzy, street art-speckled laneways of the CBD’s Little Malop Street Precinct. Many others have also popped up in Igni’s wake, including Federal Mills’ own restaurant, 1915Housed within the cavernous boiler house, 1915’s interior is dramatic: soaring, vaulted ceilings with timber beams, exposed brick, a huge arched window. The share plates echo the space’s bold character, playing with contrast and texture, with dishes such as a compressed watermelon tataki, the sweet, juicy squares tempered by salty strands of fried leeks, and charred, smoky snow peas dusted with saganaki on a nutty bed of romesco. 

    Woolstore
    The Woolstore is a new restaurant and bar housed within a century-old warehouse. (Image: Amy Carlon)

     The Woolstore, one of The Hamilton Group’s most recent hospo projects, opened in February. It occupies a century-old riverside warehouse and exudes a more sultry, fine dining ambience. Much like Federal Mills, the blueprint was to preserve the original brickwork, tallowwood flooring and nods to the building’s former life. That same careful consideration extends to the well-versed, affable waitstaff as well as the kitchen. Head chef Eli Grubb is turning out an eclectic mix of ambitious and indulgent mod Oz dishes that deliver: strikingly tender skewers of chicken tsukune, infused with hints of smoke from the parrilla grill, and glazed with a moreish, sweet gochujang ‘jam’; nduja arancini fragrant with hints of aniseed and the earthy lick of sunny saffron aioli; and golden squares of potato pavé, adorned with tiny turrets of crème fraîche, crisp-fried saltbush leaves, and Avruga caviar, to name but a few stand-out dishes.  

    Woolstore menu
    Woolstore’s menu is designed for sharing.

    Breathing new life into historic spaces  

    On the city’s fringe, hidden down a winding side road with little fanfare, lies a long-dormant site that’s being gently revived. Built from locally quarried bluestone and brick, and dating back to the 1870s, the complex of original tin-roofed mill buildings is lush with greenery and backs onto the Barwon River and Buckley Falls; the audible rush of water provides a soothing soundtrack. Fyansford Paper Mill is one of few complexes of its time to survive intact. It feels steeped in history and spellbindingly rustic.  

    “We were looking for an old industrial place that had some charm and romance to it,” explains Sam Vogel, the owner, director and winemaker at Provenance Wines which moved here in 2018. When he first viewed the building with his former co-owner, it was in such a state of disrepair that the tradie tenant occupying the space had built a shed within it to escape the leaking roof and freezing winter temperatures. “To say it was run down would be an understatement,” he notes. “There was ivy growing through the place; the windows were all smashed. It was a classic Grand Designs project.” 

    Provenance Wines
    Provenance Wines moved to Fyansford Paper Mill in 2018. (Image: Cameron Murray Photography)

    The team has since invested more than a million dollars into their new home. Where paper processing machinery once sat, wine barrels are now stacked. Vaulted cathedral ceilings are strung with festoon lights, and hidden in plain sight lies a shadowy mural by local street artist de rigueur Rone – one of only three permanent works by the artist.

    While the award-winning, cool-climate pinot noir, riesling and chardonnay naturally remain a key draw at Provenance, the winery’s restaurant is a destination in itself. Impressed already by whipsmart service, I devour one of the most cleverly curated and faultlessly executed degustations I’ve had in some time. It’s all prepared in a kitchen that is proudly zero-waste, and committed to providing seasonal, ethical and locally sourced meat and produce under head chef Nate McIver. Think free-range venison served rare with a syrupy red wine jus and a half-moon of neon-orange kosho, shokupan with a deeply savoury duck fat jus (a modern Japanese take on bread and drippings), and a golden potato cake adorned with a colourful confetti of dehydrated nasturtiums and tomato powder, and planted atop a sea urchin emulsion.  

    handcrafted pieces
    Bell’s handcrafted functional pieces on display.

    The complex is home to a coterie of independent businesses, including a gallery, a jeweller, and its latest tenant, ceramicist Elizabeth Bell, drawn here by the building’s “soul”. “There’s so much potential for these buildings to have new life breathed into them,” says Bell, whose studio is housed within the old pump room. “Even people in Geelong don’t know we’re here,” she says. “It’s definitely a destination, but I like that. It has a really calming atmosphere.”  

    A Melbourne transplant, Bell now feels at home in Geelong, which offers something Melbourne didn’t. “If this business was in Melbourne I don’t think it would’ve been as successful,” she notes. “It’s very collaborative in Geelong, and I don’t think you get that as much in Melbourne; you’re a bit more in it for yourself. Here it’s about community over competition.”  

    Elizabeth Bell
    Ceramicist Elizabeth Bell has a store in Fyansford Paper Mill.