7 of Australia’s iconic national dishes

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Take a tour of the Australian food landscape through seven of our most celebrated national dishes.

Ever since Paul Hogan invited the world to throw a shrimp on a barbie, Australian cuisine has become a topic of fascination for those who live on the outside. And while we don’t shy away from celebrating international dishes like curries, pizza, pasta, gyros and more, what do we actually consider as our own? Keep reading to find out the seven kinds of food our readers thought were the most Australian.

1. Bush tucker

Long before European settlement altered what we now consider our national cuisine, Indigenous Australians had created their own local flavours, supplied from the land around them.

 

Traditional Aboriginal bush tucker looks like a lot of things: native fruits like Kakadu plums, rosellas, riberries and the humble quandong; the fat and nutty witchetty grub, washed down with honey ants for dessert; there’s crocodile and kangaroo, as well as game like emu and possum. Eating any or all of these foods will give you firsthand insight into one of the many facets of this ancient culture.

 

And finally, you can’t really call yourself a modern Australian until you’ve sampled damper. Or better yet, cook your own. Take four cups of self raising flour, 25 grams of butter, a dash of milk and a pinch of salt. Mix everything together until it forms a dough. Shape the dough into a ball, place it on a rack over the fire (or in the oven) and cook until golden brown and hollow-sounding when tapped.

Aboriginal bush tucker.
Traditional Aboriginal bush tucker.

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2. Vegemite

The adoration for Vegemite goes deeper than just culinary pride – it speaks to the heart of our national character. Nearly everyone else in the world hates it but we don’t care.

 

Found in almost every pantry around the country, the most common (and well-loved) use for our favourite yeast spread is to simply spread it on toast with lashings of butter. And, like a fingerprint, every person has their own unique application method and combination. Some spread it sparingly, others like to coat toast thick and to the edges. Some enjoy with a slice of cheese, and many combine it with avocado. My mum is even known to use it as a salty soy sauce substitute in a stir fry.

 

Whatever the method to your particular brand of Vegemite madness, it’s hard to imagine an Australia without it.

Vegemite on toast.
Vegemite on toast.

3. A democracy sausage

It’s not known exactly when the term ‘democracy sausage’ entered Australian vernacular, but it’s safe to say Election Day hasn’t been the same since.

 

A democracy sausage is the colloquial name for a sausage wrapped in a slice of bread, bought from a sausage sizzle operated as a fundraiser at Australian polling places on an Election Day. According to  historian Judith Brett, author of From secret ballot to democracy sausage: How Australia got compulsory voting’, sausages first started appearing at poll booths in the early 1980s. Before then, as far back as the 1930s, community organisations saw voting as an opportunity to fundraise with baked goods, taking advantage of the crowds of people heading polling booths around the country.

 

Democracy sausage was even awarded the Australian Word of the Year for 2016, cementing its position as a linguistic staple forever.

Democracy sausages
Democracy sausages are a national staple.

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4. Fresh seafood bounty

‘Our home is girt by sea…’ One peruse of Australia’s national anthem and you’re well aware of the plentiful waters that surround our beautiful country. And teeming below the surface of these waters is a bountiful supply of high-quality seafood.

 

Pick your poison: for oysters, try South Australia’s Coffin Bay or Tasmania’s Freycinet Peninsula. A little further north – around Tropical North Queensland – and you’ll find that barramundi is the fish of choice, it’s native to Australia and the Indo-Pacific and served in restaurants all over the country.

 

Venture to Western Australia for Panulirus Cygnus – a species of spiny lobster (better known as the rock lobster) considered one of the most valuable in the world. Or pick up a humble serving of fish and chips from your favourite local. There is no wrong way to indulge in Australia’s seafood bounty.

Great Australian seafood
Great Australian seafood is easy as.

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5. Meat pies

Australia’s penchant for meat pies runs deep. According to historians, pies first arrived in Australia with the European colonists; they were even on the menu at Sydney’s first official banquet held to celebrate the King’s birthday in June 1788.

 

These days, many an occasion is marked by tucking in to a flaky pastry filled with savoury goodness. Road trips through regional towns, local or national sporting games, primary school tuckshops and hungover Sundays – there is no wrong time or place to enjoy this iconic dish.

 

If you’re keen to pick up a good ol’ fashioned meat pie, consider one of our favourite regional bakeries around Australia.

Australia’s penchant for meat pies runs deep.

Where to try:

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6. Biscuits

The biscuit aisle in any Aussie supermarket is filled to the brim with a variety of sweet and savoury treats that we love to call our own.

 

The iconic Tim Tam is atop many a person’s list of favourites. Introduced by Arnott’s in 1964, biting into one of these is a lesson in glorious chocolatey goodness. In fact, Australians eat about 45 million packets per year, and the factory in Western Sydney produces 3,000 biscuits per minute. That’s a lot of Tim Tams.

 

Wagon Wheels are another nostalgic biscuit for consideration. This perfect combination of chocolate, marshmallow, jam and biscuit, Wagon Wheels were a staple in the school lunchbox for generations.

 

Also in this aisle is the famous Anzac biscuit. Made by women for their men serving in the WWI trenches, the sweet treat was designed to last the long boat journey to Europe. Where lesser baked goods would have failed, stale and crumbly are not in the vocabulary of the Anzac biscuit. They might be half New Zealand in origin but, along with the Pavlova, Australians have claimed the biscuit as our own. An Anzac Day isn’t complete without a plate of your own homemade version.

Tim Tams are Australia’s most loved chocolate biscuit.

7. Lamingtons

Ah, the Lamington. Australia’s favourite cake. Listed as an Australian icon by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade – alongside Vegemite and Aussie Meat Pies – this fluffy sponge square is coated in chocolate and rolled in desiccated coconut. And, if you’re lucky, filled with a layer of cream or jam between the two halves.

 

According to all reports, the Lamington’s invention can be traced back to Queensland, with a recipe appearing in the Queensland Country Life newspaper as early as 1900. What happened before then is speculation, but involves a state governor (and inventor?) called Lord Lamington. While preparing for an event, his tea-maid supposedly dropped the Governor’s favourite sponge cake into some melted chocolate. To avoid his guests procuring messy fingers, Lord Lamington suggested that it be dipped in coconut to cover the chocolate. The rest, as they say, is history.

 

These days you can pick up Lamingtons from pretty much anywhere, but we have a few favourite iterations around the country.

The Lamington
The Lamington has been listed as an Australian icon.

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The best trails and natural moments around Yarra Valley & Dandenong Ranges

    Gemma Kaczerepa Gemma Kaczerepa
    The Yarra Valley and Dandenong Ranges boast some of Victoria’s most stunning natural scenery, making them a prime destination for outdoor experiences.

    There’s something very special about the Yarra Valley and Dandenong Ranges. A mix of rugged bush, mist-laden rainforest, gardens bursting with vivid blooms and a network of rivers and waterfalls, the landscapes here are layered and diverse. Late summer is a particularly good time to visit, when the days are long and the region’s outdoor offerings are ripe for sun-soaked adventures.

    The best part? Despite being only an easy one-hour drive from Melbourne, the area feels a world away from the hustle. You’ll be greeted by a slower pace with fewer travellers and more room to move – allowing you to truly switch off and take it all in.

    From rail trails to rainforest walks, this is where you’ll find nature at its most rewarding.

    1. Warburton

    Biking around Warburton is one best natural experiences in the Yarra Valley and Dandenong Ranges.
    Hit the trails at Warburton Mountain Bike Destination. (Image: Visit Victoria)

    Perched at the top of the Yarra River, surrounded by pristine national park, the town of Warburton is a haven for nature lovers. It’s known for its towering redwoods, found in the Californian Redwood Forest just 15 minutes out of town. You’ll be in utter awe of these giant trees, some of which reach heights of up to 55 metres.

    The Warburton Rail Trail is another way to experience the town’s natural beauty. This flat, 40-kilometre route goes all the way to Lilydale and is ideal for a stroll or cycle past native bushland, wineries, farmland and parts of the Yarra.

    If you want to up the pace a little, head to the Warburton Mountain Bike Destination, which encompasses 160 kilometres of purpose-built tracks amid wild bush terrain. For something a little more laid-back, the Rainforest Gallery is a standout spot for a wander. The gallery features statuesque Mountain Ash and Myrtle Beech trees, moss-covered logs and tree ferns, and a 40-metre elevated walkway that brings you right into the centre of the forest canopy.

    2. Yarra Glen

    Yarra Glen is a beloved food and drink destination, but it offers far more than excellent produce and top-notch wines.

    A highlight is Alowyn Gardens, which stretches over seven acres. Inside, you’ll find nine different gardens with vivid floral and seasonal displays, plus a nursery featuring exotic plant species. The Wisteria Arbour is a crowd favourite, a curved walkway connecting the different gardens with a display of cascading lilac blooms.

    Intersecting with the Warburton Rail Trail, the first stage of the Yarra Valley Trail runs from the gateway town of Lilydale to Yering Station. A more manageable track of just 7.5 kilometres, it takes you through rolling farmland and pockets of native bush, with ample opportunities for wildlife-spotting.

    If you’re travelling with kids, McKenzie Reserve is a non-negotiable stop. The reserve encompasses a skate park, plenty of open grass to stretch little legs, and a nature-inspired adventure playground to suit every age and every energy level.

    3. Healesville

    One of the best natural experiences in the Yarra Valley and Dandenong Ranges is seeing a Koala upclose.
    Get up close and connect with koalas. (Image: Visit Victoria)

    Healesville is the region’s best place to meet local wildlife. It’s home to Healesville Sanctuary, where you can get up close to kangaroos, koalas, emus, dingoes, reptiles and more. Beyond giving you front-row access to these gorgeous creatures, you’ll appreciate the scenic charm of the tracks and trails that meander through the wildlife park.

    To see even more birdlife, head over to Badger Weir for a picnic. Situated among soaring Mountain Ash trees and tranquil waterways, the area supports several bird species, including crimson rosellas, Australian king parrots and the elusive lyrebird. Barbecue facilities are available, and several tracks leading to Badger Weir are pram-friendly.

    Fernshaw Picnic Area, located in the Yarra Ranges National Park, is another idyllic setting for picnicking and short walks, also encircled by Mountain Ash trees. Compared to Badger Weir, though, Fernshaw provides a slightly more secluded experience, making it ideal for quieter outings.

    4. Olinda

    Cloudehill Gardens is a beautifully curated, year-round garden destination featuring nine terraced gardens filled with seasonal blooms and lush plant varieties.
    Wander through terraces of ever-changing blooms. (Image: Visit Victoria)

    Sitting more than 600 metres above sea level, the Dandenong Ranges have an enchanted feel and are shrouded in lush rainforest filled with tree ferns, mossy trunks and lingering mist.

    The town of Olinda is one of the finest places to experience this unique environment in all its verdant glory. At the Dandenong Ranges Botanic Gardens, rhododendrons reign and drape the gardens in a riot of colour every spring.

    The nearby Cloudehill Gardens are well worth visiting any time of year. In each of the garden’s nine terraces, you’ll find an array of plant varieties that bloom and transform across the seasons, including weeping Japanese maples that have been growing here for nearly a century.

    Besides being a haven for arbory enthusiasts, the nearby RJ Hamer Arboretum is a spectacular spot to enjoy panoramic views. Here, more than 150 tree species grow and overlook the neighbouring Yarra Valley and Great Dividing Range.

    5. Emerald

    A lady eating with the view of Emerald Lake Park.
    Enjoy a lakeside picnic at Emerald Lake Park. (Image: Visit Victoria)

    Set just behind the Dandenong Ranges, the foothills town of Emerald has a slightly more open feel, featuring rolling hills and open bushland. The town sits on the edge of the Dandenong Ranges National Park, with a patchwork of forested reserves and accessible bush trails on the Emerald side.

    You can also take to the water at nearby Aura Vale Lake, which is popular for sailing, canoeing, fishing for eel and perch, and picnicking on the grassy banks.

    The stand-out, though, is Emerald Lake Park, a sprawling green with multiple recreation zones. Across 52 hectares, there are walking tracks, playgrounds, paddleboats, a model railway, fishing sites and a family-friendly wading pool that comes to life every summer. The park also lies adjacent to the iconic Puffing Billy, making it a perfect stop if you’re travelling on the historic steam train.

    Start planning your next adventure at visityarravalley.com.au